Bladder Pain Syndrome
A broader diagnostic category, seen mostly in women, encompassing chronic bladder pain with associated urinary symptoms, where IC/BPS criteria may not yet be fully met.
Overview
Bladder Pain Syndrome (BPS) is defined by the European Association of Urology as chronic pelvic pain, pressure, or discomfort perceived to be related to the urinary bladder, accompanied by at least one other urinary symptom such as persistent urgency or frequency, for more than 6 weeks. It overlaps significantly with IC/BPS and is often used interchangeably in clinical practice.
Key Symptoms
- Chronic pelvic pain perceived as bladder-related
- Persistent urgency or increased frequency
- Symptoms lasting more than 6 weeks
- No identifiable infection or other pathology
- Variable severity, often cyclical with flares
Pathophysiology
Shared pathophysiology with IC/BPS — GAG layer disruption, urothelial permeability, and neurogenic inflammation. Central sensitization plays a significant role in perpetuating symptoms beyond the initial trigger.
Treatment Approach
Follows the IC/BPS treatment ladder: lifestyle modification, oral PPS (Elmiron®), intravesical therapy, and multidisciplinary pain management for refractory cases.